現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，過(guò)去發(fā)生并且已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果，過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(done) 1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生過(guò)或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),但其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系,也就是說(shuō),動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在. I have spent all of my money.(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒(méi)有錢(qián)花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含義是:現(xiàn)在桌子已經(jīng)擺好了.)

2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作（用行為動(dòng)詞表示）或狀態(tài)（be動(dòng)詞表示）常與for（+時(shí)間段）,since（+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過(guò)去時(shí)的句子）連用. ①for+時(shí)段 　 ②since+過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（譯為：自從……以來(lái)） ③since+時(shí)段+ago ④since+從句（過(guò)去時(shí)） ⑤It is+時(shí)段+since+從句（過(guò)去時(shí)） Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 注：瞬間動(dòng)詞（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接與for since 連用。

3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能單獨(dú)與準(zhǔn)確時(shí)間連用，(如表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)） 如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非與for,since連用.

4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用 ,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑問(wèn)）, just, before, recently,still, lately等: 　He has already obtained a scholarship.

5. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用, 如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:

6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用, 如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等:

7. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用來(lái)表示過(guò)去的一個(gè)時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作. We have had four texts this semester.

8. has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的區(qū)別 gone:去了沒(méi)回been to :去過(guò) 　been in：呆了很久

練一練：

1.Have you ever _____to the Great Wall? It's very beautiful. A gone B been C went D go

2.Her brother _____the Party since 1978. A joined B has joined C has been in D was in

3.The Greens _____many places of interest since they came to China. A will visit B visited C have visited D visit

4.I'm sorry, I ____ your name. A had forgotten B forgot C have forgotten D forgotten

5.The bookshop _____ for eight years. A has been open B has been opened Chas opened D has open

1. B 2. C 3. 4. 8 5. 9 A

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