專升本英語語法過去完成時
試題測試: 1.—Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday? —Yes, he did. He ________ his old friends for a long time. A. didn’t see B. wouldn’t see C.hasn’t seen D. hadn’t seen
答案D。 由于見朋友發(fā)生在過去(即昨天),而很久沒有見到朋友自然是昨天的見面之前,即屬于過去的過去,故用過去完成時。
2.—Tom came back home yesterday. —Really? Where ________ at all? A. had he been B. has he been C. had he gone D. has he gone
答案:A。 have been to…去過某地(已回來),have gone to…到某地去了(沒回來);又因為問的是Tom回來之前到去過某地,故用過去完成時態(tài)。
語法講解: 1. 構成: 助動詞had+動詞的過去分詞 2. 用法: (1) 表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發(fā)生或完成了的動作或狀態(tài),即這一動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生的時間是“過去的過去”。如: Mr. Black told me that he had seen the movie three times. (“看”這一動作在“告訴”這一動作之前) (2) 表示一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去某時之前已經開始,一直延續(xù)到這一過去時間,而且到那時還未結束,仍有繼續(xù)下去的可能性。如: By 6 o’clock they had worked 12 hours.
3. 一些使用過去完成時的常見情況: 由by(在某時前,到某時)構成的短語表示過去的時間時,句子常用過去完成時。如: By 9 o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. By the end of last year, Henry had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps. 由by the time和when / before引導的時間狀語從句使用了一般過去時,而主句的動作發(fā)生在從句動作之前,此時主句用過去完成時。如: By the time we got to the cinema, the movie had been on for 20 minutes. When we got there, the basketball game had already started. The train had left before Tina reached the station. 含賓語從句的復合句中,主句使用了一般過去時,而從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前,此時從句用過去完成時。如: Thomas said he had worked in that factory since 1949.
4. 現(xiàn)在完成時與過去完成時的區(qū)別: 現(xiàn)在完成時表示的動作發(fā)生在說話之前某個沒有明確說出的過去時間,側重過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產生的影響或造成的結果,與現(xiàn)在有關;過去完成時的動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”,它是一個相對的時態(tài),不能離開過去的時間而獨立存在。如: We have learned 1,000 English words so far. We had learned 1,000 English words by then.
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